Vitamin K1 Oxide (Phytonadione Epoxyde) is used for cosmetic purposes and is a derivative of Vitamin K1 which is typically found in dark green leaved vegetables such as broccoli, spinach, cabbages etc.

It has a fundamental role in the synthesis of prothrombin (factor II) and clotting factors VII, IX and X. In addition it blocks the formation of hemosiderin and avoids blood extravasation giving it a high decongestive capacity as well as a high capacity to reduce erythema and facial irritations. For these reasons it is also used in products which treat sore skin, couperosis and general skin irritations.

Owing to its effect on build ups of hemosiderin, it reduces the violet pigmentation found in under-eye circles and hematomas.

It has also demonstrated a moderate anti-aging effect with prolonged treatments, being capable of increasing the moisturisation, elasticity and texture of the skin.

ACTIVE INGREDIENT PROPERTIES

• • Reduces the violet colouration of the under-eye circles
  • Accelerates the reabsorption of hematomas
  • Reduces skin irritations
  • Increases moisturisation and elasticity
  • Purifies the skin texture

BENEFITS OF THE ENCAPSULATION DDS

• • Protects the Vitamin K1 Oxide against degradation
  • Transports the active ingredient to the deep skin levels
  • Gradual delivery for longer lasting effect
  • Increases the bioavailability of the active ingredient

PROPERTY CHARACETRISTICS

• • Vitamin K1 Oxide encapsulated at 3% in the INdermal DDS system
  • + 271% delivery compared to non-encapsulated active ingredient
  • White coloured liquid
  • Biomimetic nanovesicle with high moisturising action and restorative